Mycorrhizae in an experimental urban landscaped site in central Arizona-Phoenix
Author(s):
- Sean Whitcomb
- Jean Stutz
Abstract:
The primary objective of this project is to study Mycorrhizal relationships at an experimental xeric urban landscaped site . One study quantified the local diversity and spatial patterns of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) species. AMF species at 25 points in a 9.2 x 9.2 m regular grid pattern were identified using trap cultures. A total of twelve species were detected, with seven species detected in one plot and eleven in the other. Sampling effort curves and jackknife estimates indicate that a limited number of species was still undetected. No single species was dominant at either plot, and a rank-frequency plot for the site revealed a log-normal species distribution. The number of AMF species was not correlated with proximity to plants. Despite the patchiness of plants in the plots, the number of species detected per point exhibited spatial structuring only at the smallest sampling scale in a single plot, and only a single species in each plot was non-randomly distributed.The results indicate that there is a diverse AMF propagule bank at the site and/or there has been significant in-migration from the surrounding metacommunity. The second study examined the effects of three shoot pruning techniques (shearing every 6 weeks, heading back every 6 months and renewal pruning every year) on root length density, biomass, AMF colonization and soil respiration in two woody shrubs, Nerium oleander (oleander) and Leucophyllum frutescens (Texas sage). Roots were sampled at the base of plants by soil coring to depths of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm in February, after the shearing and heading back treatments had been imposed, but prior to the first renewal pruning, and in May, after all treatments had been imposed. Shearing stimulated root biomass in Nerium in February, but shearing and renewal pruning reduced biomass compared to unpruned plants in both species in May. Nerium colonization was stimulated by shearing and heading back in February and by shearing and renewal pruning in May. Root biomass, length, and soil respiration associated with Leucophyllum were reduced by all pruning treatments in May. The results indicate that heading back may be the most appropriate pruning practice for these shrubs in xeric landscaping.
Keywords:
Temporal Coverage:
2000-01-01 to 2003-12-31Geographic Coverage:
Geographic Description: Phoenix metropolitan area in Arizona, USABounding Coordinates:
Longitude:-111.940600 to -111.940600
Latitude:33.464700 to 33.464700
Contact:
Information Manager,Global Institute of Sustainability,Arizona State University,POB 875402,Tempe
caplter.data@asu.edu
Methods used in producing this dataset: Show
Data Files (7) :
Tabular: 125_dbg_amf_colonization_1.csv
Description: colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Column | Description | Type | Units |
---|---|---|---|
id | Unique, automotacilly generated ID
number |
integer | |
sampling_date | These are the dates when the samples were
taken |
datetime | Format: YYYY-MM-DD |
host_species | Host species of the sample that was
taken |
string | |
pruning_id | id of the pruning treatment |
string | |
plot_id | This is a unique number assigned to individual
plots |
smallint | |
plant_id | Abbreviations used to identify the plants under which
samples were taken |
string | |
pruning_status | status of pruning |
string | |
soil_depth | Depth at which the sample was taken |
float | centimeter |
root_length | How far away from the base of the plant the sample was
taken |
float | centimeter |
no_amf | Count of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi |
float | dimensionless |
hyphae | Count of hyphae |
float | dimensionless |
vesicles | Count of Vesicles |
float | dimensionless |
arbuscules | Count of arbuscles |
float | dimensionless |
coils | Count of Coils |
float | dimensionless |
intersections | Count of hyphae intersections |
float | dimensionless |
percent_colon | Percentage of clolonization by AMF |
float | dimensionless |
mean_colon | Mean Colonization of AMF |
float | dimensionless |
percent_ hyphae | Percentage of hyphae |
float | dimensionless |
percent_vesicles | Percentage of Vesicles |
float | dimensionless |
percent_arbuscules | Percentage of arbuscles |
float | dimensionless |
percent_coils | Percentage of coils |
float | dimensionless |
colonxlength | colonization times length |
float | dimensionless |
notes | notes on the data |
string | |
irrigation_notes | A brief notes on the irrigation
details |
string |
Tabular: 125_dbg_amf_quadrats_1.csv
Description: Description of the quadrat setup
Column | Description | Type | Units |
---|---|---|---|
plot_id | A unique numbers assigned to individual
plots |
smallint | |
quadrat_id | Each plot is split into twenty-five quadrats and numbered
accordingly with a unique number for the quadrat |
integer | |
x_coord_m | X coordinate for each quadrat in m |
float | meter |
y_coord_m | Y coordinate for each quadrat in m |
float | meter |
Tabular: 125_dbg_amf_samples_1.csv
Description: absence/presence of species in quadrats
Column | Description | Type | Units |
---|---|---|---|
id | unique ID assigned to each row |
integer | |
plot_id | A unique number assigned to each of the
plots |
smallint | |
sampling_date | These are the dates when the samples were
taken |
datetime | Format: YYYY-MM-DD |
quadrat | Quadrat ID |
integer | |
pruning_status | measurement taken before or after
pruning |
string | |
species_id | A unique number used to identify different
species |
integer | |
presence | presence absence of species in
quadrat |
integer |
Enumeration:
|
Tabular: 125_dbg_pruning_1.csv
Description: Pruning regime lookup table
Column | Description | Type | Units |
---|---|---|---|
pruning_id | id of the pruning treatment |
string | |
pruning_treatment | pruning treatment description |
string |
Tabular: 125_dbg_root_biomass_1.csv
Description: root biomass for Leucophyllum and Nerium in plots
Column | Description | Type | Units |
---|---|---|---|
id | Unique numbers given to each sample
taken |
integer | |
sampling_date | The date a sample was taken |
datetime | Format: YYYY-MM-DD |
plant_species | Species of the plants under which a biomass sample was
taken |
string | |
pruning_status | sample taken before or after pruning |
string | |
pruning_id | id of the pruning treatment |
string | |
plot_id | This is a unique number assigned to individual
plots |
smallint | |
plant_id | Abbreviations used to identify the plants under which
samples were taken |
string | |
soil_depth | Depth at which the sample was taken |
float | centimeter |
root_length | Length of the stained roots determined by using the
gridline intersect method of Giovannetti and Mosse
(1980) |
float | centimeter |
root_drywt | The weight of all the dry root
biomass |
float | gram |
g_per_m3 | root dry mass per cubic meter soil
volume |
float | gramPerMeterCubed |
g_per_m2 | gram root dry mass per square meter soil surface
area |
float | gramsPerSquareMeter |
cm_per_cm3 | Root length density of the stained roots, calculated as the
length of the root per volume of soil |
float | centimeterPerCentimeterCubed |
m_per_g | The sample root length in meters divided by the sample dry
weight in grams |
float | meterPerGram |
irrigation_notes | Notes on irrigation regime |
string |
Tabular: 125_experimental_plots_1.csv
Description: Pruning regime for the plots lookup table
Column | Description | Type | Units |
---|---|---|---|
plot_id | This is a unique number assigned to individual
plots |
smallint | |
perm_site_id | Permenant site id |
string |
Enumeration:
|
pruning_id | id of the pruning treatment used |
string |
Enumeration:
|
size | size of the plot |
float | squareMeter |
location | location of the plot |
string | |
description | A brief description of the plot |
string |
Tabular: 125_taxon_list_1.csv
Description: Names of mycorrhiza species
Column | Description | Type | Units |
---|---|---|---|
taxon_id | A computer gernerated number used to identify different
taxa |
integer | |
lter_taxon_id | Abbreviated taxon names established and used by the Long
Term Ecological Research Program (LTER) |
string | |
scientific_name | Genus and species |
string | |
common_name | The common name given to the organism |
string | |
taxonomic_family | Family |
string | |
genus | Genus |
string | |
species | Species |
string | |
subspecies | subspecies |
string | |
origin | Where the species came from |
string | |
author | Names of the authors |
string | |
curname | Current synomym |
string | |
type | growthform |
string | |
native | Whether the organisms are native to the Sonoran
Desert |
string | |
asu_itis | Numbers assigned within the Arizona State University local
ITIS database |
integer |