Determinative factors of denitrification in a urban, arid wash of central Arizona (2012-2013)
Publication date: 2020-01-24
Bounding Coordinates:
Longitude:-111.8729 to -111.8678
Latitude:33.6123 to 33.6045
Arizona State University,Global Institute of Sustainability,Tempe
caplter.data@asu.edu
Author(s):
- Danielle Shorts, Arizona State University
- Rebecca Hale, Idaho State University
Abstract:
Although the absence of nitrogen (N) can be detrimental to many biological processes, in large quantities certain forms of N can be harmful to the environment. N deposits can leak down through the soil and accumulate in groundwater stores, lakes, and other bodies of water. In arid, residential watersheds, N accumulates by fertilization, atmospheric deposition, and litter from residents and is transported to washes during storms. The main goal of this research is to ascertain how geochemical and hydrological factors limit denitrification and, therefore, affect the quantities of N exported from such a wash. In this study, we evaluate the effects of factors including moisture content, soil texture, and N concentrations on denitrification in a residential, desert wash. In order to carry out our research, we sampled soil from a wash in Scottsdale, AZ during summer 2012. Although there were no strong geochemical correlations with denitrification, it was found that there was a strong relationship between denitrification and distance between inlets and sites.
Keywords:
assays, denitrification, soil, soil chemistry, soil moisture, soil nitrogen, soil nutrients, soil organic matter, soil texture, soil water, soil water content, urban, nitrogen, storms, streams water and fluxes, movement of inorganic matter stormwater cap lter, cap, caplter, central arizona phoenix long term ecological research, arizona, az, arid land
Temporal Coverage:
2012-05-01 to 2013-06-01Geographic Coverage:
Geographic Description: CAP LTER study areaBounding Coordinates:
Longitude:-111.8729 to -111.8678
Latitude:33.6123 to 33.6045
Contact:
Information Manager, Central Arizona–Phoenix LTER,Arizona State University,Global Institute of Sustainability,Tempe
caplter.data@asu.edu
Methods used in producing this dataset: Show
Data Files (4) :
Tabular: 682_denitrification_66e788b7e211f51e6bddeeb1d51ef382.csv
Description: Summary of Denitrification Enzyme Assay (DEA) data collected from an urban, arid wash in Scottsdale, AZ during summer 2012 to better understand what factors are determinant of denitrification rates within this environment.
| Column | Description | Type | Units |
|---|---|---|---|
| Site | Sweetwater site with location defined by a number; each number corresponds to a specific gps point where soil was collected for analysis. |
string | |
| Rep. | Repetition number for each sample; two repetitions for each sample. |
string |
Enumeration:
|
| Mass | Amount of dry soil used in incubations. |
float | kilogram |
| Time_Med | Recorded time that medium (includes NO3-, dextrose, and Chloramphenicol) was added to the incubation; wheaton bottles were immediately capped to preserve sample integrity - time that sample was taken using 24: 00 hour format based on MST. |
date | Format: hh:mm:ss |
| Time_C2H2 | Recorded time acetylene was added; acetylene was made in lab and added after evacuation of wheaton bottles; bottles were brought to room pressure by needle puncture and then they were placed on rotary table - time that sample was taken using 24: 00 hour format based on MST. |
date | Format: hh:mm:ss |
| 30_SPMple | Time when sample was taken after thirty minutes on rotary table. |
date | Format: hh:mm:ss |
| 90_sPMple | Time when sample was taken after ninety minutes on rotary table - time that sample was taken using 24: 00 hour format based on MST. |
date | Format: hh:mm:ss |
| 240_sPMple | Time when sample was taken after two hundred and forty (four hours) minutes on rotary table - time that sample was taken using 24: 00 hour format based on MST. |
date | Format: hh:mm:ss |
| C(30 min) ug/L | Concentration of NO2 found in the sample taken after thirty minutes of incubation; samples analyzed using a Gas Chromatograph. |
float | microgramPerLiter |
| C(90 min) ug/L | Concentration of NO2 found in the sample taken after ninety minutes of incubation; samples analyzed using a Gas Chromatograph. |
float | microgramPerLiter |
| C(240 min) ug/L | Concentration of NO2 found in the sample taken after two hundred and forty minutes of incubation; samples analyzed using a Gas Chromatograph. |
float | microgramPerLiter |
| DR_90 | Denitrification rates calculated (using Groffman et. al methods for Denitrification Enzyme Assays) for samples incubated from thirty to ninety minutes and taken at ninety minutes as micrograms of Nitrogen per Kilograms Soil per hour. |
float | microgramPerKilogramPerHour |
| DR_240 | Denitrification rates calculated (using Groffman et. Al methods for Denitrification Enzyme Assays) for samples incubated from ninety to two hundred and forty minutes and taken at two hundred and forty minutes as micrograms of Nitrogen per Kilograms Soil per hour. |
float | microgramPerKilogramPerHour |
| Headspace volume (mL/1000)=L | Amount of empty space between the soil/medium matrix and the lip of the wheaton bottle; taken after samples were extracted. |
float | liter |
Tabular: 682_soil_chemistry_f25fba1eaad7bb23c116621ee5c48f3f.csv
Description: Summary of Soil Chemistry data collected from an urban, arid wash in Scottsdale, AZ during summer 2012 to better understand what factors are determinant of denitrification rates within this environment.
| Column | Description | Type | Units |
|---|---|---|---|
| Site | Sweetwater site defined by a number; each number corresponds to a specific gps point where soil was collected for analysis; each site has a corresponding sample. |
string | |
| Type | Type of infrastructure where site/sample is located within. |
string |
Enumeration:
|
| Mass | Total mass of sample after field collection without sieving and laboratory analysis. |
float | gram |
| SoilMass | Mass of remaining soil from “Total Unsieved Mass” without large stones; sieved with 2mm sieve. |
float | gram |
| Gravel | Difference between “Total Unsieved Mass” and “Sieved Mass”; not used for analysis. |
float | gram |
| DR_90A | Averaged denitrification rates of the repetitions for each site from thirty to ninety minutes of incubation during Denitrification Enzyme Assays as micrograms nitrous oxide (N2O) per Kilogram of soil per hour |
float | microgramPerKilogramPerHour |
| DR_240A | Averaged denitrification rates of the repetitions for each site from ninety minutes to four hours of incubation during Denitrification Enzyme Assays as micrograms nitrous oxide (N2O) per Kilogram of soil per hour |
float | microgramPerKilogramPerHour |
| SM | Soil Moisture content of sample |
float | dimensionless |
| SOM | Soil Organic Matter content of sample |
float | dimensionless |
| TinMass | Tin mass of each sample measured in grams; used to calculate Soil Organic Matter and Soil Moisture. |
float | gram |
| Tin + freshsoil | Mass of sample and tin directly out of bag without placement in drying oven; used to calculate Soil Moisture. |
float | gram |
| Tin + drysoil | Mass of sample and tin after being placed in drying oven for >24 hours; used for both Soil Organic Matter and Soil Moisture. |
float | gram |
| Tin + AshedSoil | Mass of sample and tin after being placed in kiln oven for four hours at 500 degrees Celsius; used to calculate Soil Organic Matter. |
float | gram |
| NO3 | Nitrate content of sample as milligram nitrogen (N) per gram dry soil |
float | milligramPerGram |
| NH4 | Ammonium content of sample as milligram nitrogen (N) per gram dry soil |
float | milligramPerGram |
| KClExtractedSoilMass | Mass of soil added to KCl extracts to obtain NO3 and NH4 content; analyzed on a Latchet. |
float | gram |
| Cl | Chloride content of sample |
float | milligramPerLiter |
| WaterExtractedSoilMass | Mass of soil added to water extracts to obtain Chloride content; analyzed on a Latchet. |
float | gram |
| clay | Clay content of sample based on total amount of sample. |
float | dimensionless |
| silt | Silt content of sample |
float | dimensionless |
| sand | Sand content of sample. |
float | dimensionless |
| dist_inlet | Distance between inlet and site. |
float | meter |
Tabular: 682_soil_texture_851efa61de0ca20751954be3aa153c4c.csv
Description: Soil texture (includes clay, silt, and sand) collected from an urban, arid wash in Scottsdale, AZ during summer 2012 to better understand what factors are determinant of denitrification rates within this environment.
| Column | Description | Type | Units |
|---|---|---|---|
| Site | Sweetwater site defined by a number; each number corresponds to a specific gps point where soil was collected for analysis; each site has a corresponding sample. |
string | |
| Bott_mass | Mass of bottle in grams before addition of sample. |
float | gram |
| Soil_mass | Soil mass added to bottle measured in grams. Bottle mass is excluded. |
float | gram |
| bott+ICextract_soil | Amount of soil and the mass of the bottle in grams after Carbonate extraction was carried out (Hall et. al protocol). |
float | gram |
| Filt_mass | Mass of filter in grams. |
float | gram |
| filt+clay | Mass of filter and clay in grams. |
float | gram |
| filt_clay | The amount of clay filtered into the carbonate extraction filter. Calculated in grams by subtracting “Filt_mass” from “Filt+clay”. |
float | gram |
| Soil_Mass_Text | Total mass of soil texture sample at conclusion of carbonate extraction. Calculated by subtracting “Bott_mass” from “Bott+ICextract_soil” and then adding “Filt_clay”. |
float | gram |
| 7_hr_temp | Temperature taken in degrees Celsius of each sample before taking hydrometer reading. |
float | celsius |
| 7_hr_hydro | Initial hydrometer measurement |
float | gram |
| 7_hr_adj | Adjusted 7 hour hydrometer reading; corrected for deviations in temperature. Calculated using Hall et. al protocol.
Equation: (7_hr_hydro+ (7_hr_temp -20)*(0.4-6.25) |
float | gram |
| Tin_m | Mass of tin in grams. This tin will contain the sieved sand after hydrometer readings. |
float | gram |
| Seived_sand+tin | Total mass in grams of tin and sand remaining in sample after hydrometer readings. |
float | gram |
| clay | Final amount of clay in grams in sample. Calculated by adding “filt_clay” to “7_hr_adj”. |
float | gram |
| silt | Final amount of silt in grams in sample. Calculated by subtracting “sand” and “clay” from “Soil_Mass_Text”. |
float | gram |
| sand | Final amount of sand in grams. Calculated by subtracting “Tin_m” from “sieved_sand+tin”. |
float | gram |
Spatial Vector: 682_sampling_locations.kml
Description: Summary of soil sampling locations in an urban, arid wash in Scottsdale, AZ during summer 2012 to better understand what factors are determinant of denitrification rates within this environment.
Horizontal Coordinate System:GCS_WGS_1984
Geometry Type: Point
| Column | Description | Type | Units |
|---|---|---|---|
| Comment | Sweetwater site defined by a number; each number corresponds to a specific gps point where soil was collected for analysis; each site has a corresponding sample. |
string | |
| Type | Type of infrastructure where site/sample is located (wash or retention basin) |
string |